Here we will look at the relationship between process, the kernel and the system resources. The tools we will be discussing can be thought of as performance-monitoring tools. Tracking processes We...
Here we will start with the structure of /etc then we will move on to system logging, user management, cron job and working of PAM. The structure of /etc Everything in here is meant to be human-re...
Userspace “starts” at the exact moment the kernel successfully executes the first userspace program, called PID 1. Everything after that - services, login, networking - is launched by PID 1 (direct...
Ever wondered what really happens in those few seconds (or agonizing minutes on older hardware) between pressing the power button and finally seeing that glorious login screen? It often feels like ...
After knowing how the Linux Kernel presents devices to userspace. Now its time to look at how we can partition disks, create and maintain filesystems that goes inside disk partitions, and work with...
This note is about the kernel-provided device infrastructure in a functioning Linux system. It is important to understand how the kernel interacts with user-space when presented with new devices. ...
Now that my Proxmox VE is up and running, I plan to run TrueNAS as a KVM virtual machine and pass through my SSDs to create a ZFS storage pool inside it. I currently have four SSDs: one 512 GB and...
When I searched - popular tunneling protocols in 2025, three names stood out- WireGuard, OpenVPN and IKEv2/IPsec. I have used PulseSecure and Global Protect which are proprietary VPNs, so whats the...
As I kickstart my home lab journey, the first issue I face — or rather, the first issue I don’t have — is owning my own ISP router. But that’s not going to stop me from building one. The only real ...
By now you’ve got the basics of Python down and you’ve managed not to get eaten by the snake, so congrats. Now we’re going deeper into its territory: modules, packages, and pip. Module Module is a...